Deployment

There are popular servers written in Python that contain WSGI applications and serve HTTP. These servers stand alone when they run; you can proxy to them from your web server.

Gunicorn

Gunicorn is a WSGI and HTTP server for UNIX. Below is an example of configuration file with recommended settings.

gunicorn.conf.py

from multiprocessing import cpu_count

# The sockets to bind:
bind: list[str] = ["0.0.0.0:8080"]

# The maximum number of pending connections:
backlog: int = 65535

# Load application code before the worker processes are forked:
preload_app: bool = True

# The number of worker processes for handling requests:
workers: int = cpu_count()

# The number of worker threads for handling requests:
threads: int = workers * 2

By default, a file named gunicorn.conf.py will be read from the same directory where Gunicorn is being run.

$ gunicorn your_project:app

Gunicorn provides many options for configuring the server, either through a configuration file or with command line options. Use gunicorn --help or see the documentation for more information.

uWSGI

uWSGI is a fast application server written in C. Below is an example of configuration file with recommended settings.

uwsgi.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<uwsgi>
  <http-socket>0.0.0.0:8080</http-socket>
  <module>your_project</module>
  <callable>app</callable>
  <optimize>2</optimize>

  <processes>%k</processes>
  <threads>%(processes * 2)</threads>
  <offload-threads>1</offload-threads>

  <post-buffering>8192</post-buffering>
  <harakiri>300</harakiri>
  <harakiri-verbose/>

  <listen>65535</listen>
  <so-keepalive/>
  <tcp-nodelay/>
  <limit-post>52428800</limit-post>  <!-- 50 megabytes -->

  <master/>
  <strict/>
  <vacuum/>
  <pcre-jit/>
  <thunder-lock/>
  <auto-procname/>
  <enable-threads/>
  <disable-logging/>
  <single-interpreter/>
</uwsgi>

To run uWSGI, you must specify the path to the configuration file.

$ uwsgi --xml uwsgi.xml

Keep in mind that uWSGI is an enormous project with hundreds of features and configurations. If you want to use all the features, check out the full documentation.

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If you want to deploy your application to another WSGI server, look up the documentation about how to use a WSGI application with it.